Global tectonics

9781405107778

Third edition

xii, 482 pages, 16 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations (some color), maps ; 25 cm

Includes bibliographical references (pages 428-462) and index

1 Historical perspective: 1.1 Continental drift
1.2 Sea floor spreading and the birth of plate tectonics
1.3 Geosynclinal theory
1.4 Impact of plate tectonics. 2 The interior of the Earth: 2.1 Earthquake seismology
2.1.1 Introduction
2.1.2 Earthquake descriptors
2.1.3 Seismic waves
2.1.4 Earthquake location
2.1.5 Mechanism of earthquakes
2.1.6 Focal mechanism solutions of earthquakes
2.1.7 Ambiguity in focal mechanism solutions
2.1.8 Seismic tomography
2.2 Velocity structure of the Earth
2.3 Composition of the Earth
2.4 The crust
2.4.1 The continental crust
2.4.2 Upper continental crust
2.4.3 Middle and lower continental crust
2.4.4 The oceanic crust
2.4.5 Oceanic layer 1
2.4.6 Oceanic layer 2
2.4.7 Oceanic layer 3
2.5 Ophiolites
2.6 Metamorphism of oceanic crust
2.7 Differences between continental and oceanic crust
2.8 The mantle
2.8.1 Introduction
2.8.2 Seismic structure of the mantle
2.8.3 Mantle composition
2.8.4 The mantle low velocity zone
2.8.5 The mantle transition zone
2.8.6 The lower mantle
2.9 The core
2.10 Rheology of the crust and mantle
2.10.1 Introduction
2.10.2 Brittle deformation
2.10.3 Ductile deformation
2.10.4 Lithospheric strength profiles 2.10.5 Measuring continental deformation
2.10.6 Deformation in the mantle
2.11 Isostasy
2.11.1 Introduction
2.11.2 Airy's hypothesis
2.11.3 Pratt's hypothesis
2.11.4 Flexure of the lithosphere
2.11.5 Isostatic rebound
2.11.6 Tests of isostasy
2.12 Lithosphere and asthenosphere
2.13 Terrestrial heat flow. 3 Continental drift: 3.1 Introduction
3.2 Continental reconstructions
3.2.1 Euler's theorem
3.2.2 Geometric reconstructions of continents
3.2.3 The reconstruction of continents around the Atlantic
3.2.4 The reconstruction of Gondwana
3.3 Geologic evidence for continental drift
3.4 Paleoclimatology
3.5 Paleontologic evidence for continental drift
3.6 Paleomagnetism
3.6.1 Introduction
3.6.2 Rock magnetism
3.6.3 Natural remanent magnetization
3.6.4 The past and present geomagnetic field
3.6.5 Apparent polar wander curves
3.6.6 Paleogeographic reconstructions based on paleomagnetism. 4 Sea floor spreading and transform faults: 4.1 Sea floor spreading
4.1.1 Introduction
4.1.2 Marine magnetic anomalies
4.1.3 Geomagnetic reversals
4.1.4 Sea floor spreading
4.1.5 The Vine-Matthews hypothesis
4.1.6 Magnetostratigraphy
4.1.7 Dating of the ocean floor
4.2 Transform faults
4.2.1 Introduction
4.2.2 Ridge-ridge transform faults
4.2.3 Ridge jumps and transform fault offsets. 5 The framework of plate tectonics: 5.1 Plates and plate margins
5.2 Distribution of earthquakes
5.3 Relative plate motions
5.4 Absolute plate motions
5.5 Hotspots
5.6 True polar wander
5.7 Cretaceous superplume
5.8 Direct measurement of relative plate motions
5.9 Finite plate motions
5.10 Stability of triple junctions
5.11 Present day triple junctions. 6 Ocean ridges: 6.1 Ocean ridge topography
6.2 Broad structure of the upper mantle below ridges
6.3 Origin of anomalous upper mantle beneath ridges
6.4 Depth-age relationship of oceanic lithosphere
6.5 Heat flow and hydrothermal circulation
6.6 Seismic evidence for an axial magma chamber
6.7 Along-axis segmentation of oceanic ridges
6.8 Petrology of ocean ridges
6.9 Shallow structure of the axial region
6.10 Origin of the oceanic crust
6.11 Propagating rifts and microplates
6.12 Oceanic fracture zones. 7 Continental rifts and rifted margins: 7.1 Introduction
7.2 General characteristics of narrow rifts
7.3 General characteristics of wide rifts
7.4 Volcanic activity
7.4.1 Large igneous provinces
7.4.2 Petrogenesis of rift rocks
7.4.3 Mantle upwelling beneath rifts
7.5 Rift initiation
7.6 Strain localization and delocalization processes
7.6.1 Introduction
7.6.2 L
12 The mechanism of plate tectonics: 12.1 Introduction
12.2 Contracting Earth hypothesis
12.3 Expanding Earth hypothesis
12.3.1 Calculation of the ancient moment of inertia of the Earth
12.3.2 Calculation of the ancient radius of the Earth
12.4 Implications of heat flow
12.5 Convection in the mantle
12.5.1 The convection process
12.5.2 Feasibility of mantle convection
12.5.3 The vertical extent of convection
12.6 The forces acting on plates
12.7 Driving mechanism of plate tectonics
12.7.1 Mantle drag mechanism
12.7.2 Edge-force mechanism
12.8 Evidence for convection in the mantle
12.8.1 Introduction
12.8.2 Seismic tomography
12.8.3 Superswells
12.8.4 The D" layer
12.9 The nature of convection in the mantle
12.10 Plumes
12.11 The mechanism of the supercontinent cycle. 13 Implications of plate tectonics: 13.1 Environmental change
13.1.1 Changes in sea level and sea water chemistry
13.1.2 Changes in oceanic circulation and the Earth?s climate
13.1.3 Land areas and climate
13.2 Economic geology
13.2.1 Introduction
13.2.2 Autochthonous and allochthonous mineral deposits
13.2.3 Deposits of sedimentary basins
13.2.4 Deposits related to climate
13.2.5 Geothermal power
13.3 Natural hazards

2007020963

2471254

Klepeis, Keith A
Vine, F. J